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E3b The Growth of Women as the Primary Investor: A Household Bargaining Perspective
Key Words
Household bargaining, primary investor, human capital, preferences, gender norms, women
Short Description
The faces of investors are changing as women are now nearly as likely as men to be investors. While America is approaching parity in education and labor force participation, men are still four times more likely to be the primary household investor. One possibility is that men are more likely to fulfill this role because of their education, experience, and preferences. Another is that gender norms encourage women to perform other roles despite their qualifications. As technology and culture change, so do gender norms, expectations, and educational pursuits. Women have increased their financial literacy, pursued educations more closely aligned to investing, and gained experience related to broader financial management. Given the changes to gender norms in the last century, the question is; to what degree do gender norms influence differences in household roles above and beyond differences in human capital, education, preferences, and performance of other roles? We find evidence that gender norms discourage equally qualified women from being the primary investor and that those gender norms are stronger for older women than younger women. This narrowing gap for younger individuals should signify improved consumer welfare as roles are increasingly based on individual competency.