This study examines how digital literacy shapes consumers’ use of AI-based services in finance and health. Drawing on data from the 2023 Intelligent Information Society User Panel Survey conducted by the Korea Communications Commission, we analyze responses from 4,581 individuals aged 15 to 69 in Korea. Six sub-dimensions of digital literacy—daily-life, rights protection, critical understanding, production & sharing, social participation, and security—are assessed through self-reported measures. Binary logistic regression and U-shape tests reveal that the effects of literacy are domain-specific and non-linear. In finance, daily-life, rights protection, and production & sharing literacy are positively associated with adoption, whereas security literacy shows no significant effect. In health, security and rights protection literacy are positively associated, whereas critical understanding literacy is negatively related. Notably, social participation literacy follows an inverted U-shape, with moderate levels linked to greater adoption. These results imply that the benefits of AI-based services are not distributed evenly but vary according to the different dimensions of digital literacy and suggest that existing policies centered solely on enhancing access to digital technologies may be insufficient.

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