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P114 Enclaves as Buffers or Amplifiers? Immigrant Communities and the Chilling Effect of Welfare Policy
Short Description
I present evidence on the relationship between immigrant co-country-of-origin enclave exposure and public benefit participation among mixed-status households following the 2018 public charge rule announcement. Specifically, I estimate the effects of residential enclave exposure on SNAP and Medicaid enrollment using a triple differences strategy, exploiting variation between enclave exposure, household immigration status, and temporal changes before and after the policy shift. Immigrant populations often form strong social ties and tend to cluster in specific geographic areas, a pattern well-documented in prior research. These self-selected communities create informal social networks that have been shown to shape both positive and negative economic outcomes, such as differences in income, banking behavior, and occupational choices. Building on models of information diffusion, I examine how immigrant households respond to a major policy shock: the public charge rule change. Since non-citizens were the only group directly affected, the analysis isolates three levels of impact: individual level, household level, and community level. This study highlights the multi-layered consequences of policy shocks on immigrant communities and underscores the importance of considering enclave dynamics when evaluating access to public programs.
Type of presentation
Accepted Poster Presentation